What is meant by "base oil" in lubricants?

Base oil refers to the primary component of lubricants that significantly influences their physical and chemical properties. It serves as the foundation of the lubricant formulation, providing the necessary viscosity, lubricating characteristics, and overall behavior under various operating conditions.

Base oils can be derived from several sources, including mineral oil, synthetic materials, and bio-based oils. Each type offers distinct performance advantages, such as improved temperature stability or better flow characteristics at low temperatures.

By being the primary component, the base oil determines how well the lubricant can perform its essential functions, such as reducing friction between moving parts, protecting surfaces from wear, and resisting degradation over time. Understanding the role of base oil is crucial for selecting the appropriate lubricant for specific machinery and operating conditions.